Can you help me understand this English question?

First, read any one of the classic arguments reprinted on pages 579-622 in the textbook:

• Jonathan Swift, “A Modest Proposal” (580)
• Thomas Jefferson, “The Declaration of Independence” (587)
• Henry David Thoreau, “Civil Disobedience” (590)
• Sojourner Truth, “Ain’t I a Woman?” (605)
• Rachel Carson, “The Obligation to Endure” (607)
• Nelson Mandela, “Black Man in a White Man’s Court” (612)
• Thurgood Marshall, “Reflections on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution” (619)

Then, discuss: what is the essay’s central argument or arguments? In your opinion, why is the argument considered so effective? How is the argument unique or memorable?